In the study of field theory and partial differential equations, a Toda field theory (named after Morikazu Toda) is derived from the following Lagrangian:
Here x and t are spacetime coordinates, (,) is the Killing form of a real r-dimensional Cartan algebra of a Kac–Moody algebra over , αi is the ithsimple root in some root basis, ni is the Coxeter number, m is the mass (or bare mass in the quantum field theory version) and β is the coupling constant.