Titanium disulfide
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IUPAC name
Titanium(IV) sulfide
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| Other names
Titanium Sulfide, titanium sulphide, titanium disulfide, titanium disulphide
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.699 |
| EC Number | 232-223-6 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| TiS2 | |
| Molar mass | 111.997 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow powder |
| Density | 3.22 g/cm3, solid |
| insoluble | |
| Structure | |
| hexagonal, space group P3m1, No. 164 | |
| octahedral | |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
Titanium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiS2. A golden yellow solid with high electrical conductivity, it belongs to a group of compounds called transition metal dichalcogenides, which consist of the stoichiometry ME2. TiS2 has been employed as a cathode material in rechargeable batteries.
TiS2 adopts a hexagonal close packed (hcp )structure, analogous to cadmium iodide (CdI2). In this motif, half of the octahedral holes are filled with a "cation", in this case Ti4+. Each Ti centre is surrounded by six sulfide ligands in an octahedral structure. Each sulfide is connected to three Ti centres, the geometry at S being pyramidal. Several metal dichalcogenides adopt similar structures, but some, notably MoS2, do not. The layers of TiS2 consist of covalent Ti-S bonds. The individual layers of TiS2 are bound together by van der Waals forces, which are relatively weak intermolecular forces. It crystallises in the space group P3m1. The Ti-S bond lengths are 2.423 Å.
The single most useful and most studied property of TiS2 is its ability to undergo intercalation upon treatment with electropositive elements. The process is a redox reaction, illustrated in the case of lithium:
LiTiS2 is generally described as Li+[TiS2−]. During the intercalation and deintercalation, a range of stiochimetries are produced with the general formul LixTiS2 (x < 1). During intercalation, the interlayer spacing expands (the lattice "swells") and the electrical conductivity of the material increases. Intercalation is facilitated because of the weakness of the interlayer forces as well as the susceptibility of the Ti(IV) centers toward reduction. Intercalation can be conducted by combining a suspension of the disulfide material and a solution of the alkali metal in anhydrous ammonia. Alternatively solid TiS2 reacts with the alkali metal upon heating.
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