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Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
The unit cell of rutile
Names
IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
Other names
Identifiers
13463-67-7 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:32234 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1201136 N
ChemSpider 24256 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.327
E number E171 (colours)
KEGG C13409 N
PubChem 26042
RTECS number XR2775000
UNII 15FIX9V2JP YesY
Properties
TiO
2
Molar mass 79.866 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor odorless
Density 4.23 g/cm3 (Rutile)

3.78 g/cm3 (Anatase)
Melting point 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)
Boiling point 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K)
insoluble
Band gap 3.05 eV (rutile)
+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
2.488 (anatase)
2.583 (brookite)
2.609 (rutile)
Thermochemistry
50 J·mol−1·K−1
−945 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 0338
Not listed
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Non-flammable
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 15 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)
 Ca
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [5000 mg/m3]
Related compounds
Other cations
Zirconium dioxide
Hafnium dioxide
Related titanium oxides
Titanium(II) oxide
Titanium(III) oxide
Titanium(III,IV) oxide
Related compounds
 Titanic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

3.78 g/cm3 (Anatase)

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally it is sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million metric tons.

Titanium dioxide occurs in nature as the well-known minerals rutile, anatase and brookite, and additionally as two high pressure forms, a monoclinic baddeleyite-like form and an orthorhombic α-PbO2-like form, both found recently at the Ries crater in Bavaria. One of these is known as akaogiite and should be considered as an extremely rare mineral. It is mainly sourced from ilmenite ore. This is the most widespread form of titanium dioxide-bearing ore around the world. Rutile is the next most abundant and contains around 98% titanium dioxide in the ore. The metastable anatase and brookite phases convert irreversibly to the equilibrium rutile phase upon heating above temperatures in the range 600–800 °C (1,112–1,472 °F).

Titanium dioxide has eight modifications – in addition to rutile, anatase, and brookite, three metastable phases can be produced synthetically (monoclinic, tetragonal and orthorombic), and five high-pressure forms (α-PbO2-like, baddeleyite-like, cotunnite-like, orthorhombic OI, and cubic phases) also exist:


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