Three Crowned Kings

The Three Crowned rulers, or the Three Glorified by Heaven, or World of the Three, primarily known as Moovendhar, refers to the triumvirate of Chola, Chera and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three countries or Nadu of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala) in southern India. They signaled a time of integration and political identity for the Tamil people. They would frequently wage war against one another under a period of instability till the Imperial period of the Rajaraja I who united Tamilakam under one leadership.

The etymology of the Tamil word for the three kings - Moovendhar (pronounced Mūvēntar) - comes from Tamil மூ (mū) meaning 'three' and வேந்தர் (vēntar) meaning 'king', so strictly should be translated as 'Lord' (lesser-king) as opposed to 'King' which in Tamil is கோன் (Kōn). They are mentioned in Megasthenes and the Edicts of Ashoka, and first in Tolkappiyam among Tamil literature who was the first to call them Three Glorified by Heaven (Tamil: வாண்புகழ் மூவர், Vāṉpukaḻ Mūvar ^?).Ptolemy and Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mention three kingdoms ruling Tamilakam.

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