Thomas X. Hammes

Thomas X. Hammes
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Rank	Colonel

Colonel Thomas X. Hammes is a retired U.S. Marine officer who is considered a specialist in counter-insurgency warfare.

He has a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy, a Master's degree from Oxford University, and is a graduate of the Marine Corps Command and Staff College and the Canadian National Defense College. He received his Ph.D. in modern history from Oxford University.

Hammes served for 30 years in the United States Marine Corps.

Hammes is Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University.

Hammes' first paper on fourth-generation warfare appeared in the Marine Corps Gazette in 1994; he developed a book-length treatment while a senior Marine fellow in the Institute for National Security Studies at the National Defense University. In this work, The Sling and The Stone: On War in the 21st Century, he openly criticized The Pentagon and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Both Hammes and William Lind make use of the term "fourth-generation warfare", however Hammes considers it more of a "framework for study" rather than a revolutionary concept. Hammes traces the origins of fourth-generation warfare to Mao Zedong.

In September 2006, Hammes was one of the retired U.S. military officers who, along with Generals John Batiste and Paul Eaton, called for Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to resign. They appeared in front of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee to testify, the first prominent U.S. military officials to publicly criticize Rumsfeld. As a result of their remarks, they became widely known, with appearances on national news shows such as on CNN and NPR.

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