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Thomas Gage

General
Thomas Gage
Thomas Gage John Singleton Copley.jpeg
Portrait by John Singleton Copley, circa 1768
Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
In office
13 May 1774 – 11 October 1775
Preceded by Thomas Hutchinson
Succeeded by None (John Hancock became Governor of Massachusetts in 1780)
Personal details
Born 1719 (1719) or early 1720 (1720)
Firle, Sussex, Great Britain
Died 2 April 1787 (aged 67–68)
Portland Place, London, Great Britain
Spouse(s) Margaret Kemble Gage
Profession Soldier, provincial governor
Religion Anglican
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Great Britain
Service/branch  British Army
Years of service 1741–1775
1781–1782
Rank General
Commands 80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot
Military governor of Montreal
Commander-in-Chief, North America
Battles/wars

War of the Austrian Succession

Second Jacobite Uprising

French and Indian War

Pontiac's Rebellion
American War of Independence


War of the Austrian Succession

Second Jacobite Uprising

French and Indian War

Pontiac's Rebellion
American War of Independence

Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British general best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as military commander in the early days of the American Revolution.

Born to a aristocratic family in England, he entered military service, seeing action in the French and Indian War, where he served alongside his future opponent George Washington in the 1755 Battle of the Monongahela. After the fall of Montreal in 1760, he was named its military governor. During this time he did not distinguish himself militarily, but proved himself to be a competent administrator.

From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America, overseeing the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, with instructions to implement the Intolerable Acts, punishing Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. His attempts to seize military stores of Patriot militias in April 1775 sparked the Battles of Lexington and Concord, beginning the American War of Independence. After the Pyrrhic victory in the June Battle of Bunker Hill he was replaced by General William Howe in October 1775, and returned to Great Britain.


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