Thomas Boutillier (October 9, 1797 – December 8, 1861) was a Quebec doctor and political figure.
He was born in Quebec City in 1797 and studied at the Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe and the University of Philadelphia. He was licensed to practice medicine in 1817 and settled at Saint-Hyacinthe. In 1826, he married Eugénie, the daughter of André Papineau, a member of the Lower Canada assembly, and a cousin of Louis-Joseph Papineau; she died in 1830. In 1834, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Saint-Hyacinthe county. He took part in the battle of Saint-Charles during the Lower Canada Rebellion, later fleeing to the United States. In 1838, he returned to Saint-Hyacinthe. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Saint-Hyacinthe in 1841; he was reelected in 1844 and 1848. Boutillier opposed annexation with the United States. In 1854, he was named inspector of land offices.
He died at Saint-Hyacinthe in 1861.