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Thiamine mononitrate

Thiamine
Thiamin.svg
Thiamine cation 3D ball.png
Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine
Clinical data
Pronunciation /ˈθ.əmɪn/ THY-ə-min
Synonyms Vitamin B1, aneurine, thiamin
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • US: A (No risk in human studies)
Routes of
administration
by mouth, IV, IM
Drug class vitamin
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 3.7% to 5.3%
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 70-16-6  YesY
    59-43-8 (chloride) YesY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.387
Chemical and physical data
Formula C12H17N4OS+
Molar mass 265.35 g mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent thiamine deficiency and disorders that result from it, including beriberi, Korsakoff's syndrome, and Korsakoff's psychosis. Other uses include treatment of maple syrup urine disease and Leigh's disease. It is taken by mouth or by injection.

Side effects are generally few.Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur. Thiamine is in the B complex family. It is needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates. As people are unable to make it, thiamine is an essential nutrient. Food sources include whole grains, meat, and fish.

Thiamine was discovered in 1897, isolated in 1926, and first made in 1936. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Thiamine is available as a generic medication and over the counter. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 2.17 USD per one gm vial. In the United States a month's supply is less than 25 USD. Some countries require its addition to certain foods such as grains.


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