Baron Theophil Edvard von Hansen (German: [ˈteːofiːl fɔn ˈhanzn̩]; original Danish name: Theophilus Hansen pronounced [teoˈfiːlus ˈhanˀsn̩]; 13 July 1813, in Copenhagen – 17 February 1891, in Vienna) was a Danish architect who later became an Austrian citizen. He became particularly well known for his buildings and structures in Athens and Vienna, and is considered an outstanding representative of neoclassicism.
After training with Karl Friedrich Schinkel and some years studying in Vienna, he moved to Athens in 1837, where he studied architecture and design, with a concentration and interest in Byzantine architecture. During his stay in Athens, Hansen designed his first building, the National Observatory of Athens and two of the three contiguous buildings forming the so-called "classical trilogy", namely the Academy of Athens and the National Library of Greece, the third building of the trilogy being the National and Capodistrian University of Athens, which was designed by his brother Christian Hansen. The Greek-Austrian Georgios Sinas (who donated the observatory) called Hansen 1846 to Vienna, where Hansen took up an apprenticeship with noted Austrian architect Ludwig Förster.