The Three-Process View

The Three-Process View is a psychological term coined by Janet E. Davidson and Robert Sternberg.

According to this concept, there are three kinds of insight: selective-encoding, selective-comparison, and selective-combination.

Selective-Encoding Insight - Distinguishing what is important in a problem and what is irrelevant. (i.e. filter)
Selective-Comparison Insight - Identifying information by finding a connection between acquired knowledge and experience.
Selective-Combination Insight - Identifying a problem through understanding the different components and putting everything together.

...
Wikipedia