The Revolution Betrayed

The Revolution Betrayed: What Is the Soviet Union and Where Is It Going? (Russian: Преданная революция: Что такое СССР и куда он идет?) is a book published in 1937 by the exiled Soviet Bolshevik leader Leon Trotsky. This frequently reprinted work analyzed and criticized the course of historical development in the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin in 1924 and is regarded as Trotsky's primary work dealing with the nature of Stalinism. The book was written by Trotsky during his exile in Norway and was originally translated into French by Victor Serge. The most widely available English translation is by Max Eastman.

Lev Davidovich Bronshtein (1879–1940), best known by his pseudonym Leon Trotsky, was one of the top leaders of the 1917 October Revolution which brought a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (the Bolsheviks) (RSDLP) to power in Russia. Trotsky had long been one of the leading Marxist revolutionaries in Imperial Russia, sentenced in 1900 to exile in a distant part of Siberia for his activities against the regime.

After a period of European exile, Trotsky returned to Russia during the abortive 1905 Russian Revolution, where his electric oratory made him a leading figure in the St. Petersburg Soviet until his arrest in December of that year. Another escape to Western Europe followed. Over the next decade Trotsky moved from support of the Menshevik wing of the RSDLP to advocacy of unity of the warring factions in 1913 with the establishment of a formal organization called the Interdistrict Organization of United Social Democrats, commonly known as the "Mezhraiontsy."

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