On January 24, 2008, "I Sing the Body Electric" was posted on the group's Myspace profile, followed by "Goodness Gracious" on February 4. In February 2009, it was revealed that the band's next album would be released later in the year.

The album was produced by Aaron Marsh of the band Copeland with recording starting on February 10. On March 2, frontman Kenny Vasoli was an update from the studio: "I have four more songs to sing, [and] there are a few guitars left to track along with some general what-have-yous." On March 9, it was announced that recording was finished. 14 songs were tracked, with 12 of them appearing on the album. The album was mixed at the end of the month.

The first single from the album is "Untitled", which remained without a title as tribute to its simple nature. Vasoli said he'd prefer to concentrate on what the song was saying, rather than have "some weird thing that represents how I was feeling or something like that... It felt right that it didn't need a title. I wanted to say something that was very powerful and say it over and over again." Vasoli wrote the song at his home in Philadelphia, in his basement. After a four-minute period of creativity and a guitar hook, he came up with the song and it was said to be the spark he needed to put The Starting Line behind him and advance with Person L. Themes of personal growth and triumph over pain are intertwined through the song.

Vasoli said the album consisted of ""blues, grunge, post-punk, and good old-fashioned rock and roll".Spin said the album features a "surprisingly diverse sound", something Vasoli calls "classic Person L". The magazine described the sound as a mix of garage rock and downtempo emo, touched with hints of R&B, rockabilly, and ambient influences. The diverse mix of sounds and genres was then compared to "the creative, boundary-pushing sound" of bands such as Jawbox and Fugazi. Vasoli also refers to the change in sound from the band's first album, Initial; "As far as songs go, there aren't a whole lot of songs you can compare from the first record to the second," although he does say the "new album has similar vibes on it". He described The Positives as "more of an old school garage rock-and-roll sort of record" with a lot more "funk and soul".

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