The Hendre
| The Hendre | |
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| Yr Hendre | |
The Hendre viewed from the east
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| Type | House |
| Location | , Monmouthshire |
| Coordinates | 51°49′23″N 2°47′12″W / 51.8231°N 2.7868°WCoordinates: 51°49′23″N 2°47′12″W / 51.8231°N 2.7868°W |
| Built | C18th-C19th |
| Architect | George Vaughan Maddox, Thomas Henry Wyatt, Aston Webb |
| Architectural style(s) | Victorian Gothic |
| Governing body | golf club |
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Listed Building – Grade II*
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| Official name: The Hendre | |
| Designated | 11 April 1985 |
| Reference no. | 2773 |
 Location of The Hendre in Monmouthshire
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The Hendre, (Welsh: Yr Hendre - a farmer's winter residence; literally meaning old home), is Monmouthshire's only full-scale Victorian country house, constructed in the Victorian Gothic style. It is located in the parish of , some 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of the town of Monmouth. Built in the eighteenth century as a shooting box, it was vastly expanded by the Rolls family in three stages throughout the nineteenth century and is most famous as the childhood home of Charles Stewart Rolls, co-founder of Rolls-Royce. The house is Grade II* Listed and is now the clubhouse of the Rolls of Monmouth Golf Club.
The Welsh word hendre derives from the Welsh words hen (meaning "old") and dre (meaning "farmstead"). The designation reflects the old Welsh custom of having two residences: one down in the valley, which was used in winter (hendre), and the other homestead in the uplands, where the family would live over the summer (hafod, haf being the Welsh word for "summer".
The ascent of the Rolls family to the aristocracy, and to the fortune used to develop the Hendre as the finest Victorian country house in Monmouthshire, was through marriage. James James of the parish of Llanvihangel-Ystern-Llewern, Monmouthshire settled in London and acquired a valuable estate in Southwark, Surrey.
He purchased several farms and parcels of land in Llanvihangel-Ystern-Llewern and Llangattock-Vibon-Avel between 1639 and 1648. In his will published in 1677 he left his estate to his only surviving child, Sarah, who was the wife of Dr Elisha Coysh, a physician from London. Their daughter married William Allen, who also bought land in Monmouthshire. William Allen's daughter and heir married her cousin Thomas Coysh. They were succeeded by their son Richard Coysh, who was succeeded by his sister Sarah (d. 1801), the eventual sole heir of the families of Coysh, Allen and James. Sarah married John Rolls (1735–1801) of the Grange, Bermondsey, and of the Hendre, Monmouthshire, sheriff of Monmouthshire 1794, bringing him much property both in Monmouthshire and London.
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