The Fisherman and his Flute

The fisherman and his flute appears among Aesop’s Fables and is numbered 11 in the Perry Index. Wide variations on the theme have existed over the centuries.

In Classical times the fable only appears in Greek sources, most notably in the Histories of Herodotus, where Cyrus the Younger applies it to Greek envoys who submit to him too late. It tells of a fisherman piping to the fish to make them dance. When they will not oblige, he catches them in a net and mocks their death agonies: “Silly creatures, you would not dance for me before and now that I am no longer playing you do so.” In this context the fable is given the political meaning that those who refuse a benefit when it is first offered will gain nothing by acting as asked when constrained to.

The instrument played by the fisherman varies over the ages in the telling. In the Greek it is a reeded pipe (αὐλος), rather like the chanter of a bagpipe. In William Caxton’s collection of fables it is indeed rendered as a bagpipe, while in the Neo-Latin of Pantaleon Candidus and Hieronymus Osius it is a tibia, which the illustrator to the latter author makes a trumpet. In La Fontaine’s French version the instrument is referred to as a ‘musette’ which, since his fable is titled “The Fishes and the Shepherd who Played the Flute” (Les poissons et le berger qui joue de la flûte), must refer to the old piccolo oboe.

La Fontaine makes of the story an artificial pastoral in which Tircis tries to charm the fishes to the hook of the shepherdess Annette but does not succeed until he uses a net to catch them. It ends with the cynical reflection that force accomplishes more than charm in the context of statecraft, which echoes the conclusion in Herodotus. However, different morals were drawn by other writers. According to Babrius, only when one succeeds is it time to rejoice. For William Caxton and Roger L'Estrange, the lesson to be learned is that there is a proper time and place for everything.

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