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The Earl of Rosebery

The Right Honourable
The Earl of Rosebery
KG KT PC FRS
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery - 1890s.jpg
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office
5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895
Monarch Victoria
Preceded by William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by The Marquess of Salisbury
Leader of the Opposition
In office
22 June 1895 – 6 October 1896
Monarch Victoria
Prime Minister The Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded by The Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by Sir William Harcourt
Lord President of the Council
In office
10 March 1894 – 21 June 1895
Preceded by The Earl of Kimberley
Succeeded by The Duke of Devonshire
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office
6 February 1886 – 3 August 1886
Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone
Preceded by The Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by The Earl of Iddesleigh
In office
18 August 1892 – 10 March 1894
Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone
Preceded by The Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by The Earl of Kimberley
First Commissioner of Works
In office
13 February 1885 – 9 June 1885
Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone
Preceded by George Shaw-Lefevre
Succeeded by David Plunket
Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department
In office
August 1881 – June 1883
Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone
Preceded by Leonard Courtney
Succeeded by J. T. Hibbert
Personal details
Born Archibald Philip Primrose
(1847-05-07)7 May 1847
Mayfair, Middlesex, UK
Died 21 May 1929(1929-05-21) (aged 82)
Epsom, Surrey, UK
Resting place Dalmeny Parish Church, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Political party Liberal
Spouse(s) Hannah de Rothschild (m. 1878; d. 1890)
Children 4
Alma mater Christ Church, Oxford
Signature

Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian, KG, KT, PC, FRS (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929) was a British Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 5 March 1894 to 22 June 1895. Between the death of his father, in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the 4th Earl, in 1868, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Dalmeny.

Rosebery first came to national attention in 1879–1880 by sponsoring the successful Midlothian campaign of William Ewart Gladstone. He briefly was in charge of Scottish affairs. This finest performance in office came as chairman of the London County Council in 1889. He entered the cabinet in 1885 and served twice as foreign minister, paying special attention to French and German affairs. He succeeded Gladstone as prime minister and leader of the Liberal party in 1894; the Liberals lost the 1895 election. He resigned the party leadership in 1896 and never again held political office. He was widely known as a brilliant orator, an outstanding sportsman and marksman, a writer and historian, connoisseur and collector. All of these activities attracted him more than politics, which grew boring and unattractive. Furthermore, he drifted to the right of the Liberal party and became a bitter critic of its policies. Winston Churchill, observing that he never adapted to democratic electoral competition, quipped: "He would not stoop; he did not conquer."

Rosebery was a Liberal Imperialist who favoured strong national defence and imperialism abroad and social reform at home, while being solidly anti-socialist. Historians judge him a failure as foreign minister and as prime minister.


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