The 3 Stooges

The Three Stooges
The Three Stooges in 1936 (from clockwise left; Larry Fine, Curly Howard, and Moe Howard)
Medium	Vaudeville, film, television
Nationality	American
Years active	1928–1970
Genres	Farce, slapstick, musical comedy
Former members	Moe Howard Shemp Howard Larry Fine Curly Howard Joe Besser Joe DeRita

The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922 until 1970, best known for their 190 Columbia short-subject films that have been airing on television regularly since 1958. Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick. In films, the Stooges were commonly known by their actual first names. There were a total of six stooges over the act's run, with only three active at any given time, but Moe Howard and Larry Fine were mainstays throughout the ensemble's run of more than forty years.

The act began as part of a mid-1920s vaudeville comedy act, billed as "Ted Healy and His Stooges", consisting originally of Healy and Moe Howard. Over time, they were joined by Moe's brother Shemp Howard, and then Larry Fine. The four appeared in one feature film, Soup to Nuts, before Shemp left to pursue a solo career. He was replaced by his younger brother, Jerome "Curly" Howard, in 1932. Two years later, after appearing in several movies, the trio left Healy and signed on to appear in their own short-subject comedies for Columbia Pictures, now billed as "The Three Stooges". From 1934 to 1946, Moe, Larry and Curly produced over 90 short films for Columbia. It was during this period that the three were at their peak popularity.

Curly suffered a debilitating stroke in May 1946, and Shemp returned, reinstating the original lineup, until his death of a heart attack on November 22, 1955. Film actor Joe Palma was used as a temporary stand-in to complete four Shemp-era shorts under contract (the maneuver thereafter became known as the term of art "Fake Shemp"). Columbia contract player Joe Besser joined as the third Stooge for two years (1956–57), departing in 1958 to nurse his ailing wife after Columbia terminated its shorts division. The studio then released its Stooges contractual rights to the Screen Gems production studio. Screen Gems then syndicated the shorts to television, whereupon the Stooges became one of the most popular comedy acts of the early 1960s.