Tenofovir disoproxil
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Viread, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration |
By mouth (tablets) |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 25% |
| Identifiers | |
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| Synonyms | Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| ChEBI | |
| NIAID ChemDB | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.129.993 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C19H30N5O10P |
| Molar mass | 519.443 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| MedlinePlus | a602018 |
| Routes of administration |
Oral |
| ATC code |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | < 1% |
| Biological half-life | 17 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney |
| Identifiers | |
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| Synonyms | 9-(2-Phosphonyl-methoxypropyly)adenine (PMPA) |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.129.993 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C9H14N5O4P |
| Molar mass | 287.213 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
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Tenofovir disoproxil, sold under the trade name Viread among others, is a medication used to treat chronic hepatitis B and to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. It may be used for prevention of HIV/AIDS among those at high risk before exposure, and after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. It is sold both by itself and together as emtricitabine/tenofovir and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir. It does not cure HIV/AIDS or hepatitis B. It is available as by mouth as a tablet or powder.
Common side effects include nausea, rash, diarrhea, headache, pain, depression, and weakness. Severe side effects include high blood lactate and an enlarged liver. There are no absolute contraindications. It is often recommended during pregnancy and appears to be safe. It is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and works by decreasing the ability of the viruses to replicate.
Tenofovir was patented in 1996 and approved for use in the United States in 2001. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United States there are no generic versions available as of 2015. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 3.30 and 29.13 USD per month. As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is more than 200 USD.
Tenofovir disoproxil is used for HIV-1 infection and chronic hepatitis B treatment. For HIV-1 infection, tenofovir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for people 2 years of age and older. For chronic hepatitis B patients, tenofovir is indicated for patients 12 years of age and older.
Tenofovir can be used for HIV prevention in people who are at high risk for infection through sexual transmission or injecting drug use. A Cochrane review examined the use of tenofovir for prevention of HIV before exposure and found that both tenofovir alone and the tenofovir/emtricitabine combination decreased the risk of contracting HIV for high risk patients. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also conducted a study in partnership with the Thailand Ministry of Public Health to ascertain the effectiveness of providing people who inject drugs illicitly with daily doses of tenofovir as a prevention measure. The results revealed a 48.9% reduced incidence of the virus among the group of subjects who received the drug in comparison to the control group who received a placebo.
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