Tango Province (丹後国 Tango no Kuni?) was an old province in the area that is today northern Kyoto Prefecture facing the Sea of Japan. Together with Tamba Province, Tango was sometimes called Tanshū (丹州?). Tango bordered on Tajima, Tamba, and Wakasa provinces.
At various times both Maizuru and Miyazu were the capital and chief town of the province.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Tango Province was administratively separated from Tamba Province. In that same year, Empress Gemmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
In Wadō 6, Mimasaka Province was sundered from Bizen Province, and Hyūga Province was divided from Ōsumi Province. In Wadō 5 (712), Mutsu Province had been severed from Dewa Province.