Tamarod

Tamarod (Arabic: تـمـرد‎‎ tamarrud, "rebellion") is an Egyptian grassroots movement that was founded to register opposition to President Mohamed Morsi and force him to call early presidential elections. Tamarod aimed to collect 15 million signatures by 30 June 2013, the one-year anniversary of Morsi's inauguration. The movement announced it collected more than 22 million signatures (22,134,460) as of 29 June 2013. The number claim was never verified by an independent source, especially the rise in number by millions in a very short number of days. Many admitted to signing the same form up to 20 times. The movement was planning to become a political party following the 2014 Egyptian presidential election.

The movement helped launch the June 2013 Egyptian protests which preceded the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.

The Rebel movement was founded by five activists, including its official spokesman Mahmoud Badr, on 28 April 2013. The movement announced it collected more than 22 million signatures (22,134,460) as of 29 June 2013. An opposition group within the organization, initially named Tamarod 2 Get Liberated, has claimed that Tamarod was only able to collect 8.5 million signatures and that some of its founders were trained by security services. A report by Reuters alleged that police officers and officials from the Ministry of the Interior signed and helped to distribute and collect signatures for the petition, as well as attending demonstrations themselves.

Members of the movement stated that they would support appointing Maher el-Beheiry, the former head of the Supreme Constitutional Court, to temporarily replace Morsi if he were to step down. The movement gave Morsi until 2 July 2013 to step down; if he did not step down, a civil disobedience campaign was to be initiated.

On 2 July 2013, the Salafist Call and its political wing, the Salafist Nour Party, stated that it had three main demands: a snap presidential poll should take place, a technocratic government should be formed and a committee should be formed to examine constitutional amendments.

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