Taitung Prefecture (Chinese: 臺東直隸州; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-tang Ti̍t-lē-chiu) was a division of Taiwan Province, which was created after 1887 during Qing rule. The prefecture contained the sub-prefectures Pi-lam (卑南) and Hoe-lian-kang (花蓮港) and the seat of government was at Tsui-be (水尾; modern-day Ruisui, Hualien). This prefecture is the name origin of modern-day Taitung City and Taitung County.
In 1895, with the Treaty of Shimonoseki and the successful Japanese invasion of Taiwan, Taiwan Province was abolished in favor of Japanese-style divisions.