T-even bacteriophages

T-even phages, also known as the E. coli phages, are a group of double-stranded bacteriophages from the family Myoviridae. Bacteriophage means to "eat bacteria", and phages are well known for being obligate intracellular parasites that reproduce within the host cell and are released when the host is destroyed by lysis. Containing about 160 genes, these virulent viruses are among the largest, most complex viruses that are known and one of the best studied model organisms. They have played a key role in the development of virology and molecular biology.

Bacteriophages were first discovered by the English scientist Frederick Twort in 1915 and Félix d'Hérelle in 1917. In the late 1930s, T.L. Rakieten proposed either a mixture of raw sewerage or a lysate from E.coli infected with raw sewerage to the two researchers Milislav Demerac and Ugo Fano. These two researchers isolated T3, T4,T5, and T6 from E.coli. Also, in 1932, the researcher J.Bronfenbrenner had studied and worked on the T2 phage, at which the T2 phage was isolated from the virus. This isolation was made from a fecal material rather than from sewerage. At any rate, Delbruck was involved in the discovery of the T even phages. His part was naming the bacteriophages into Type 1(T1), Type 2 (T2),Type 3 (T3), and etc.

Phages have multiple factors contributing to their structure. It consists of the head, collar, helical sheath, the core or tube, hexagonal base plate, tail fibers (not all) and finally tail pins. The head’s job is to enfold or surround nucleic acids. The tail fiber’s help in attaching the phage to a bacterial cell. The tail acts as a duct through which the nucleic acid goes through during an infection.so The collar helps support the head (to stay in place). Bacteriophages in general (including T-even bacteriophages) contain a head structure, which can vary in size and shape. The head enfolds nucleic acid and acts as the protective covering. Certain phages have tails attached to the phage head. The tail is a hollow duct through which the nucleic acid passes during infection. T-even Bacteriophages have genomes that code for phage-specific DNA replication, recombination, and DNA repair functions. Also, they offer well branded genes and proteins. Similar to all viruses, they depend on many of their hosts important makeups and roles or functions (transcription and translation, membranes, breakdown of energy etc.), for their reproduction.

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