T-34 | |
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A T-34-85 tank on display at Musée des Blindés in April 2007.
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Type | Medium tank |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
Service history | |
In service | 1940–late 1960s (Soviet Union) 1950s–present (by other states) |
Used by | Soviet Union and 39 others |
Wars | World War II, and many others |
Production history | |
Designer | KMDB |
Designed | 1937–1940 |
Produced | 1940–1958 |
No. built | 84,070 35,120 T-34 48,950 T-34-85 |
Specifications (T-34 Model 1941) | |
Weight | 26.5 tonnes (29.2 short tons; 26.1 long tons) |
Length | 6.68 m (21 ft 11 in) |
Width | 3.00 m (9 ft 10 in) |
Height | 2.45 m (8 ft 0 in) |
Crew | 4 (T-34) 5 (T-34-85) |
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Armor | Hull front 47 mm /60° (upper part) 45 mm (1.8")/60° (lower part), Hull side 40 mm/41°(upper part), Hull rear 45 mm, Hull top 20 mm, Hull bottom 15 mm; Turret front 60 mm (2.4"), Turret side 52 mm/30°, Turret rear 30 mm, Turret top 16 mm |
Main
armament |
76.2 mm (3.00 in) F-34 tank gun (T-34-85: 85 mm ZiS-S-53 gun) |
Secondary
armament |
2 × 7.62 mm (0.3 in) DT machine guns |
Engine |
Model V-2-34 38.8 L V12 Diesel engine 500 hp (370 kW) |
Power/weight | 18.9 hp (14 kW) / tonne |
Suspension | Christie |
Ground clearance | 0.4 m (16 in) |
Operational
range |
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Speed | 53 km/h (33 mph) |
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank that had a profound and lasting effect on the field of tank design. At its introduction, the T-34 possessed an unprecedented combination of firepower, mobility, protection and ruggedness. Its 76.2 mm (3 in) high-velocity tank gun provided a substantial increase in firepower over any of its contemporaries; its well-sloped armour was difficult to penetrate by most contemporary anti-tank weapons. When it was first encountered in 1941, German general Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist called it "the finest tank in the world" and Heinz Guderian affirmed the T-34's "vast superiority" over existing German armour of the period. Although its armour and armament were surpassed later in the war, it has often been credited as the most effective, efficient and influential tank design of the Second World War.
The T-34 was the mainstay of Soviet armoured forces throughout the Second World War. Its design allowed it to be continuously refined to meet the constantly evolving needs of the Eastern Front: as the war went on it became more capable, but also quicker and cheaper to produce. Soviet industry would eventually produce over 80,000 T-34s of all variants, allowing steadily greater numbers to be fielded as the war progressed despite the loss of tens of thousands in combat against the German Wehrmacht. Replacing many light and medium tanks in Red Army service, it was the most-produced tank of the war, as well as the second most produced tank of all time (after its successor, the T-54/55 series). At 44,900 losses during the war, it also suffered the most tank losses of all time. Its development led directly to the T-54 and T-55 series of tanks, which in turn evolved into the later T-62, T-72, and T-90 that form the armoured mainstay of many modern armies. T-34 variants were widely exported after World War II, and in 2010 the tank remained in limited front line service with several developing countries.