Sveaborg Rebellion

Sveaborg rebellion
Part of the Russian Revolution of 1905
Helsinkians watching the rebellion
Date 30 July 1906 – 2 August 1906 Location Suomenlinna and Helsinki Result Imperial Russian Army victory; uprising suppressed
Belligerents
Sveaborg army mutineers Labour Corps	Imperial Russian Army Russian Imperial Navy Baltic Fleet Defense Corps
Commanders and leaders
Sergey Tsion Arkady Emelyanv Yevgeny Kokhanskiy Johan Kock	Vladimir Laiming Nikolai Essen Didrik von Essen
Strength
2000	2000
Casualties and losses
43 mutineers executed, 127 sentenced to hard labour, 735 jailed

The Sveaborg rebellion was an Imperial Russian military mutiny which broke out on the evening of 30 July 1906 amongst the garrison of the coastal fortress of Sveaborg in the coast of Helsinki in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The mutiny was part of the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1905, which by summer 1906 had effectively been suppressed in most other regions of the Russian Empire.

The Fortress of Sveaborg (renamed "Suomenlinna" after Finnish independence) had been constructed in the 18th century to provide sea defenses for Helsinki. In 1906 it was garrisoned by approximately 1,800 artillerymen, 1,500 infantrymen and 250 military pioneers. The combined force of over 3,500 made up over half of the total Tsarist troops based in and around Helsinki. All of these troops were Russian as no Finnish units of the Imperial Army were stationed in the Grand Dutchy.

The ringleaders of the rising were three junior Russian officers in the garrison: Captain Sergei Tsion and Lieutenants Emelyanv and Kokhanskiy. Tsion, who was a secret Bolshevik sympathizer, had made contact with a Finnish Labour Corps leader Johan Kock. The Labour Corps were an anti-Tsarist political movement that favored social revolution in Finland. They were believed to number over 6,000 members and had, since the major disturbances of 1905 within Russia itself, been preparing for a Finnish uprising. They were, however, poorly armed and untrained.

The mutiny broke out on the evening of 30 July, earlier than the military conspirators had planned. Poor food and the withdrawal of a special allowance had, however, sparked discontent amongst the pioneers and artillerymen of the garrison, most of whom were conscripts drawn from industrial regions of Russia. The pioneer company was particularly unsettled and had been put under collective arrest by the general commanding the Sveaoborg Fortress and neighboring outposts. In response most of the artillerymen mutinied, expelling or imprisoning their officers. By daylight on 31 July about 2,000 men had joined the mutiny. The infantry component of the garrison, drawn from rural areas and more amenable to army discipline than their radicalised counterparts in the technical branches, mostly remained loyal to their officers.

The leaders of the mutiny hoped that their example would lead to uprisings amongst the sailors of the Baltic Fleet from the naval bases at Helsinki and Kronstadt. However, the naval unrest of the previous year had now subsided and the crews of the warships close to Sveaborg showed no inclination to join the mutiny. Equally, the cossack cavalry and the infantry units that made up the remainder of the Imperial Army forces in Finland continued to obey orders. Although the mutineers were able to capture nearby Katajanokka, the rising quickly lost momentum. Following a naval bombardment on 1 August, the bulk of the mutinous artillerymen and pioneers surrendered to loyal troops. The mutiny had lasted only 60 hours. Emelyanv and Kokhanskiy were executed, although Tsion's fate is uncertain.

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