Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah

Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah أحمد المعظم شاه
Sultan of Pahang
Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah and his personal attendants, 1897.
Raja Bendahara of Pahang
Reign	10 June 1863 – 8 September 1881
Predecessor	Tun Mutahir
Sultan of Pahang
Reign	8 September 1881 – 29 May 1914
Coronation	25 December 1884
Successor	Mahmud Shah
Born	(1836-05-23)23 May 1836 Pulau Maulana, Pekan, Pahang
Died	29 May 1914(1914-05-29) (aged 78) Istana Pantai, Pekan
Burial	Royal Cemetery, Kuala Pahang
Spouse	1. Cik Besar Yang Atur bt Abdullah 2. Cik Amah bt Jamut 3. Engku Besar of Terengganu 4. Tengku Ampuan Tua Tun Besar Fatima bt Tun Muhammad 5. Che’ Ungku Pah binti Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim 6. Encik Besar Zubaida binti Abdullah (Tan Lai Kim) 7. Cik Hajjah Fatima binti Haji Muhammad Talib 8. Cik Kusuma binti Tok Minal Daeng Koro 8. Cik Santoma 9. Cik Wan Mandak Kiri 10. Cik Halima 11. Cik Bakai 12. Cik Mah binti Awang Tukang 13. Cik Maimuna 14. Cik Fatima Selat
Issue	1. Tengku Long (d/o Fatima) 2. Tun Muda Besar (s/o Kusuma) 3. Tengku Long Mahmud (s/o Pah) 4. Tun Salama (d/o Fatima) 5. Tengku Ali (s/o Santoma) 6. Tengku Dalam (d/o Fatima) 7. Tengku Abdullah (s/o Kusuma) 8. Tengku Nong Fatima (d/o Fatima) 9. Tengku Sulaiman (s/o Kusuma) 10. Tengku Jusoh (s/o Zubaida) 11. Tengku Hajjah Kalsum (d/o Fatima) 12. Tengku Umar (s/o Zubaida) 13. Tengku Hajjah Mariam (d/o Zubaida) 14. Tengku Muhammad (s/o Fatima)
Full name Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Sri Baginda Al-Sultan Besar Sir Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah ibni Al-Marhum Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali
House	Bendahara
Father	Tun Ali
Mother	Che Long [Che Puan Lingga] bint Tok Kota Chenor
Religion	Sunni Islam

Paduka Sri Baginda al-Sultan Besar Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali (23 May 1836–29 May 1914) was the sixth Raja Bendahara of Pahang and the founder of modern Pahang Sultanate. Commonly known as Wan Ahmad before his accession, he seized the throne in 1863 after having defeated his elder brother Tun Mutahir in the Pahang Civil War, assuming the title Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Siwa Raja Tun Ahmad. In the early years of his reign, Pahang descended into turmoil, with various attempts made by the surviving sons of the late Tun Mutahir, based in Selangor, to overthrow him. This led to Pahang's decisive involvement in the Selangor Civil War that successfully brought it to a conclusive end.

The successive wars that ravaged the land had led to the rise of dissension among the ruling class and territorial chiefs who were thenceforth divided into factions. In 1881, prompted by his dwindling authority both within Pahang and among his counterparts in the western Malay states, Ahmad took upon the title of Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah and formally proclaimed as Sultan by his chiefs two years later. The event marked the revival of Pahang as a Sultanate after more than two centuries of union with the crown of Johor. Ahmad gained formal recognition from the British Straits Settlements government in 1887, in return for signing a treaty with the British which compelled him to accept a British Agent in his court.

During his reign, Pahang politics came under the purview of the British government. Increasing pressure was exerted upon the Sultan by the residing British Agent to administer the state according to the British ideals of just rule and modernisation. This had effectively plunged the state into a seething cauldron of discontent with clashes between traditional chiefs and the British. The British ultimately compelled Ahmad to put his state under the British protectorate in 1888 and John Pickersgill Rodger was appointed Pahang's first Resident. The work of building up a State administration began with the creation of the Supreme Court, a police force and a State Council. In 1895, the Sultan entered into a Treaty of Federation to form the Federated Malay States. Ahmad transferred his executive and administrative powers to his eldest son Tengku Long Mahmud, due to old age in 1909, retaining his position and titles as Head of State until his death in 1914.