Sulayman Pasha al-Adil
| Sulayman Pasha al-Adil | |
|---|---|
| Wali of Sidon | |
|
In office 1805–1819 |
|
| Preceded by | Jazzar Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Abdullah Pasha ibn Ali |
| Wali of Damascus | |
|
In office 1810–1812 |
|
| Preceded by | Kunj Yusuf Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Silahdar Süleyman Pasha |
| Mutasallim of Sidon | |
|
In office Late 1780s – 1789 |
|
| Wali of Tripoli | |
|
In office 1785 – Late 1780s |
|
| Preceded by | Mikdad Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Mustafa Agha Barbar (as mutasallim) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1760s |
| Died | August 1819 Acre |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire |
Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (c. 1760s–August 1819; given name also spelled Suleiman or Sulaiman) was the Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet between 1805 and 1819, ruling from his Acre headquarters. He also simultaneously served as governor of Damascus Eyalet between 1810 and 1812. He was a mamluk of his predecessor, Jazzar Pasha. His rule was associated with decentralization, a reduction of Acre's military, and limits to his predecessors' cotton monopoly. Moreover, he oversaw a policy of non-interference with his deputy governors, such as Muhammad Abu-Nabbut and Mustafa Agha Barbar, and diplomacy with the autonomous sheikhs of the various Levantine regions where he held authority, including Emir Bashir Shihab II and Musa Bey Tuqan. He exercised control over his domain largely through depending on the loyalty of his deputies, who also had been mamluks of Jazzar. In effect, Sulayman Pasha presided over the world's last functioning mamluk system.
Sulayman Pasha was of Georgian origin and was likely born in the early 1760s. He was purchased as a mamluk (slave soldier) by Jazzar Pasha either while the latter was in Egypt or in his first years in Syria in the 1770s. He became a member of Jazzar's inner circle, which was composed of other mamluks including Ali Agha Khazindar, Salim Pasha al-Kabir (died in 1786) and Salim Pasha al-Saghir. When Jazzar was appointed wali (governor) of Damascus in 1785, the Sublime Porte also appointed Mikdad Pasha as wali of Tripoli. Jazzar then lobbied to replace the latter with Sulayman, who was appointed later that year. Sometime afterward, Sulayman was appointed by Jazzar as the mutasallim (tax farmer and enforcer) of Sidon.
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