Sugbuak

The Sugbuak refers to the controversial, failed proposed partition of the island province of Cebu in the Philippines into four separate provinces. The issue, which had emerged before the 2007 general election, had been a polarising issue in provincial politics, pitting the anti-partition camp of then Cebu Governor Gwendolyn García, Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña and Cebu City Representative Antonio Cuenco, against that of Sugbuak proponents Representatives Antonio Yapha, Jr., Clavel Asas-Martinez and Simeón Kintanar—all of whom were last-term congressmen at the time.

The term Sugbuak is a portmanteau of the Cebuano words Sugbo (the endonym for Cebu) and buak ('split' or 'break') and roughly translates to "the splitting of Cebu" or "Broken Cebu". The more pro-partition term Sugbuhi is conversely a portmanteau of Sugbo and buhi ('life-giving'), roughly translating into "giving life to Cebu".

The idea of a divided Cebu can be traced to 1967, when a proposal to split the island's lone congressional district into a new province failed. Gubernatorial candidates in that year's general election who supported the partition were defeated due to strong opposition from the Cebu electorate.

The actual Sugbuak began in February 2005, when Representatives Yapha, Asas-Martínez, and Kintanar filed three bills proposing that the fourth, second and third legislative districts of Cebu (which they held, respectively) be converted into three new provinces named Cebu del Norte/Cebu Boreal, Cebu del Sur/Cebu Austral and Cebu Occidental. The remaining three districts of Cebu, in addition to the two legislative districts of Cebu City, would constitute a fourth province (presumably called Cebu Oriental, although no name for the fourth province was actually proposed). The three provinces, according to their respective bills, would have their capitals in Bogo, Argao and Toledo.

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