Sudan I
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IUPAC name
1-(Phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.517 |
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| Properties | |
| C16H12N2O | |
| Molar mass | 248.28 g/mol |
| Melting point | 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K) |
| -137.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Sudan I (also commonly known as CI Solvent Yellow 14 and Solvent Orange R), is an organic compound, typically classified as an azo dye. It is an intensely orange-red solid that is added to colourise waxes, oils, petrol, solvents, and polishes. Sudan I has also been adopted for colouring various foodstuffs, especially curry powder and chili powder, although the use of Sudan I in foods is now banned in many countries, because Sudan I, Sudan III, and Sudan IV have been classified as category 3 carcinogens (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Sudan I is still used in some orange-coloured smoke formulations and as a colouring for cotton refuse used in chemistry experiments.
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to some substrate. The dye is applied in an aqueous solution, and needs a mordant to stimulate the fixation of the dye on the textile filament. Dyes are classified based on industrial application, sources of origin, and miscellaneous factors.
One of the studies that changed the world of dye-making was led by August Wilhelm Hofmann. During the 1840s, Hofmann showed the identity of basic compound acquired from several sources.
William H. Perkin, a student of Hofmann, synthesized the first aniline dye. That dye, called mauve, was a dye that would make a big success in the dye-industry. Perkin and Hofmann artificially created a series of textile dyes that substituted for costly biological products.
During the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the textile industry emerged, which generated cheap and easily applicable dyes and exposed the economic limitations of natural dyes. The first azo dyeing technique was patented in 1880.
The Sudan dyes are a group of azo compounds which have been used to color hydrocarbon solvents, oils, fats, waxes, shoes, and floor polishes. As recently as 1974, about 270,000 kg (600,000 lb) of Sudan dye I,236,000 kg (520,000 lb) of Sudan dye II, 70,000 kg (150,000 lb) of Sudan dye III, and 1,075,000 kg (2,370,000 lb) of Sudan dye IV were produced in the United States.
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