Struck idiophone

Struck idiophones is one of the categories of idiophones (that is, any musical instrument that creates sound primarily by the instrument as a whole vibrating—without the use of strings or membranes) that are found in the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification.

Struck idiophones are categorised as 11 in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. There are 2 main categories of struck idiophones, directly (111) and indirectly (112) struck.

Directly stuck idiophones produce sound resulting from a direct action of the performer as opposed to the indirectly struck idiophones. The player strikes the instrument with a direct action, either by hand or by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc. It is definitive that the player can apply clearly defined individual strokes and that the instrument itself is equipped for this kind of percussion.

There are two main categories of directly struck idiophones, concussion idiophones (111.1) and percussion idiophones (111.2).

Two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other.

111.11 Concussion sticks or stick clappers.

111.12 Concussion plaques or plaque clappers.

111.13 Concussion troughs or trough clappers.

111.14 Concussion vessels or vessel clappers.

111.141 Castanets - Natural and hollowed-out vessel clappers

111.142 Cymbals - Vessel clappers with manufactured rim.

The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).

111.21 Percussion sticks.

111.211 Individual percussion sticks.

111.212 Sets of percussion sticks in a range of different pitches combined into one instrument. - All xylophones, as long as their sounding components are not in two different planes.

111.22 Percussion plaques.

111.221 Individual percussion plaques.

111.222 Sets of percussion plaques - Examples are the Lithophone and also most Metallophones.

111.23 Percussion tubes.

111.231 Individual percussion tubes.

111.232 Sets of percussion tubes.

111.24 Percussion vessels.

111.241 Gongs - The vibration is strongest near the vertex.

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