Standard inline-four engine

Standard inline-four
1991 cc Triumph version fitted in a 1961 TR3A
Overview
Manufacturer	Standard Motor Company
Production	1947–1956
Combustion chamber
Configuration	Pushrod straight 4
Displacement	1,850 cc (later 2,088 cc)
Cylinder bore	80 mm (later 85 mm)
Piston stroke	92 mm
Cylinder block alloy	cast iron, wet liners
Cylinder head alloy	cast iron
Valvetrain	OHV
Combustion
Fuel system	carburettor
Fuel type	petrol (gasoline), TVO, lamp oil (variant engines, not multifuel)
Cooling system	water-cooled
Output
Power output	23.9 bhp (Ferguson TE-A20 tractor) 68 bhp (Standard Vanguard)
Chronology
Successor	Standard Triumph inline-six

23.9 bhp (Ferguson TE-A20 tractor)

The Standard Motor Company 2,088 cc straight-4 engine was a petrol engine widely used for their passenger cars of the 1950s, most notably the Standard Vanguard. It was originally developed as an engine for Ferguson tractors.

The engine was of conventional design as a water-cooled vertical straight-4 with overhead valves. As such it represented novel practice for an engine designed in the immediate post-war period, incorporating such modern features as thin-wall bearings with replaceable shells. An uncommon, and particularly forward-looking, feature was the use of loose-fitted wet liners.

The engine's origins began with wartime production of Bristol aero engines at the new Banner Lane shadow factory, operated by Standard in Coventry. From 1939 this factory produced Bristol Hercules engines, an air-cooled radial engine, with Bristol's typical sleeve valves. With peace in 1945, this huge factory then stood empty.

During the war, Ford had built tractors for Ferguson in Detroit. Afterwards, Ferguson wished to continue this arrangement with an improved TO20 tractor (for "Tractor Overseas") and also a TE20 (for "Tractor England") to be built by Ford's plant at Dagenham. Ford however were unwilling and it was Standard who were to build the tractors at Banner Lane. The first TE20 model used a Continental Z-120 petrol engine, but the TE-A20 and later models were to use a new engine, to be developed by Standard.

The new tractor engine appeared in 1947. It was a four-cylinder engine with a bore of 80 mm and stroke of 92 mm, for a total capacity of 1,850 cc. The engine was undersquare, in deference to the tractor's need for torque rather than absolute power. It used petrol as a fuel, with a compression ratio of 5.77:1. Valvegear was conventional overhead valve, driven from a camshaft mounted in the side of the cylinder block via vertical pushrods and adjustable rockers. Cylinder block and crankcase were cast in one piece and were of cast iron, as was the cylinder head.