Squid (mortar)

Squid
Squid anti-submarine mortar on display at the Devonport Naval Base
Type	Anti-submarine Mortar
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
In service	1943–1977
Used by	Royal Navy Swedish Navy
Production history
Designer	Directorate of Miscellaneous Weapons Development
Designed	1942
Specifications
Weight	10 tons
Shell	440 lb (200 kg)
Calibre	12 in (305 mm)
Barrels	Three
Effective firing range	275 yards (250 m)
Filling	Minol
Filling weight	207 lb (94 kg)
Detonation mechanism	Time fuse

Squid was a British World War II ship-mounted anti-submarine weapon. It consisted of a three-barrelled mortar which launched depth charges. It replaced the Hedgehog system, and was in turn replaced by the Limbo system.

Literally ordered directly from the drawing board in 1942, under the auspices of the Directorate of Miscellaneous Weapons Development, this weapon was rushed into service in May 1943 on board HMS Ambuscade. The first production unit was installed on HMS Hadleigh Castle; it went on to be installed on 70 frigates and corvettes during the Second World War. The first successful use was by HMS Loch Killin on 31 July 1944, when she sank U333; the system was credited with sinking 17 submarines in 50 attacks. By 1959, 195 Squid installations had been produced.

This weapon was a three-barrel 12-inch (305 mm) mortar with the mortars mounted in series but off-bore from each other in order to scatter the projectiles. The barrels were mounted in a frame that could be rotated through 90 degrees for loading. The projectiles weighed 390 pounds (177 kg) with a 207-pound (94 kg) minol charge. On some vessels, the Squid installations were at the stern – the bombs were fired over the length of the ship and dropping into the sea slightly ahead of it. Sink rate was 43.5 ft/s (13.3 m/s) and a clockwork time fuse was used to determine the detonation depth; all three projectiles had to be set to the same depth; this could be continuously updated right up to the moment of launch to take into account the movements of the target. The maximum depth was 900 feet (270 m).