Spyridon Lambros or Lampros (Greek: Σπυρίδων Λάμπρος) (1851–1919) was a Greek history professor and, briefly, the 36th Prime Minister of Greece.
He was born in Corfu in 1851 and was educated in London, Paris and Vienna studying history.
In 1890, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens and taught history and ancient literature. He became Provost of the University in 1893, serving in that capacity twice, 1893–1894 and 1912–1913.
After 1903, Lambros started an academic movement called Neos Hellenomnemon (Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων) which studied the scientific and philosophical developments of the Greek-speaking world during the Byzantine and Ottoman eras.
In October 1916 with Greece in the midst of the National Schism and under two governments (Eleftherios Venizelos in Thessaloniki and King Constantine in Athens), the former Liberal and associate of Venizelos accepted the King's commission to form a government in Athens. Eventually, riots took place in Athens (the Noemvriana), for which Lambros was judged responsible due to mis-management. He resigned as Prime Minister. After the exile of the king, Lambros went into self-imposed exile in Hydra and Skopelos.