Soyuz 5
Model of Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 after performing the first docking of two manned spacecraft on 16 January 1969
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| Mission type | Test flight | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Soviet space program | ||||
| COSPAR ID | 1969-005A | ||||
| Mission duration | 3 days, 54 minutes, 15 seconds | ||||
| Orbits completed | 49 | ||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||
| Spacecraft type | Soyuz 7K-OK(P) | ||||
| Manufacturer | Experimental Design Bureau OKB-1 | ||||
| Launch mass | 6,585 kilograms (14,517 lb) | ||||
| Crew | |||||
| Crew size | 3 up 1 down |
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| Members | Boris Volynov | ||||
| Launching |
Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov |
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| Callsign | Байкал (Baikal - "Lake Baikal") | ||||
| Start of mission | |||||
| Launch date | 15 January 1969, 07:04:57 UTC | ||||
| Rocket | Soyuz | ||||
| Launch site | Baikonur 1/5 | ||||
| End of mission | |||||
| Landing date | 18 January 1969, 07:59:12 UTC | ||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||
| Reference system | Geocentric | ||||
| Regime | Low Earth | ||||
| Perigee | 196 kilometres (122 mi) | ||||
| Apogee | 212 kilometres (132 mi) | ||||
| Inclination | 51.7 degrees | ||||
| Period | 88.6 minutes | ||||
| Docking with Soyuz 4 | |||||
| Docking date | 16 January 1969, 08:20 UTC | ||||
| Undocking date | 16 January 1969, 12:55 UTC | ||||
| Time docked | 4 hours, 35 minutes | ||||
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Soyuz 5 (Russian: Союз 5, Union 5) was a Soyuz mission using the Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on 15 January 1969, which docked with Soyuz 4 in orbit. It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft of any nation, and the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another of any nation, the only time a transfer was accomplished with a space walk – two months before the US Apollo 9 mission performed the first ever internal crew transfer.
The flight was also memorable for its dramatic re-entry. The craft's service module did not separate, so it entered the atmosphere nose-first, leaving cosmonaut Boris Volynov hanging by his restraining straps. As the craft aerobraked, the atmosphere burned through the module. But the craft righted itself before the escape hatch was burned through. Then, the parachute lines tangled and the landing rockets failed, resulting in a hard landing which broke Volynov's teeth.
Soyuz 5 was piloted by Commander Boris Volynov and carried flight engineers Aleksei Yeliseyev and Yevgeny Khrunov as the crew to be transferred to Soyuz 4 for reentry. The mission plan contained scientific, technical, and medical-biological research, testing of spacecraft systems and design elements, docking of piloted spacecraft, and transfer of cosmonauts from one craft to another in orbit.
Volynov remained behind on Soyuz 5, and returned to Earth in a remarkable re-entry. The service module of the Soyuz failed to separate after retrofire, but by that point it was too late to abort. While this had occurred on various Vostok and Voskhod flights, it was a much more serious problem for Volynov, as the Soyuz service module was much larger than the small retropack the earlier vehicles employed.
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