Solaster endeca
| Solaster endeca | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Asteroidea |
| Order: | Velatida |
| Family: | Solasteridae |
| Genus: | Solaster |
| Species: | S. endeca |
| Binomial name | |
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Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) |
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The purple sunstar, northern sunstar, or smooth sun star, Solaster endeca, is a species of starfish in the family Solasteridae.
Solaster endeca can grow to about 40 cm (16 in) across, but 20 cm (7.9 in) a more normal adult size is half that. It is a robust species with 9 or 10 arms (occasionally any number from seven to 13) set around a large disc. The aboral (upper) surface is formed of calcareous plates densely covered with paxillae, peg-like projections covered in tiny spinelets. No pedicellariae are present, but groups of two to three gills are found between the plates. On the oral (under) surface, the row of plates on either side of the ambulacral groove bear two or three spines and several rows of shorter spines, with two rows of tube feet. S. endeca ranges in colour from greyish-cream to pinkish-purple. The arms are often turned up at the tips, showing the pale oral surface. It can be confused with Crossaster papposus , the only British species with a similar number of arms, but S. endeca has a smoother aboral surface.
The purple sun star occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea at depths to 450 m (1,480 ft). Its typical habitats are muddy sand, gravel, or rocky areas with deposited sediment. It is found in both sheltered and fairly exposed locations. It also has a circumboreal distribution and is found round the coasts of Greenland, northeastern Canada, and the East Coast of the United States as far south as the Gulf of Maine. In the Baltic Sea it is a vulnerable species. It also occurs in the northeastern Pacific Ocean between northern Alaska and Puget Sound.
S. endeca is a predator. In the Atlantic Ocean, it feeds on other starfish and bivalve molluscs, but in the Pacific, its diet is mainly sea cucumbers and other invertebrates.
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Wikipedia