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Soekarno

His Excellency
Dr. HC. Ir.

Sukarno
Presiden Sukarno.jpg
Sukarno in 1949
1st President of Indonesia
In office
18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967
Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir
Amir Sjarifuddin
Muhammad Hatta
Abdul Halim
Muhammad Natsir
Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
Wilopo
Ali Sastroamidjojo
Burhanuddin Harahap
Djuanda Kartawidjaja
Vice President Mohammad Hatta
Preceded by position established
Succeeded by Suharto
12th Prime Minister of Indonesia as President of Indonesia For Life
In office
9 July 1959 – 25 July 1966
President Himself
Preceded by Djuanda Kartawidjaja
Succeeded by Post abolished
Personal details
Born (1901-06-06)6 June 1901
Surabaya, East Java, Dutch East Indies
Died 21 June 1970(1970-06-21) (aged 69)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Political party Indonesian National Party
Height 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)
Spouse(s) Oetari
Inggit Garnasih
Fatmawati (m. 1943–1960)
Hartini
Kartini Manoppo
Naoko Nemoto (Dewi Sukarno) (m. 1960–1970, his death)
Haryati
Yurike Sanger
Heldy Djafar
Children
Alma mater Bandung Institute of Technology
Religion Sunni Islam
Signature

Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967.

Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for Independence from the Netherlands. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period, and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed as first president. He led Indonesians in resisting Dutch re-colonization efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch acknowledgment of Indonesian independence in 1949. Author Pramoedya Ananta Toer once wrote "Sukarno was the only Asian leader of the modern era able to unify people of such differing ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds without shedding a drop of blood."

After a chaotic period of parliamentary democracy, Sukarno established an autocratic system called "Guided Democracy" in 1957 that successfully ended the instability and rebellions which were threatening the survival of the diverse and fractious country. The early 1960s saw Sukarno veering Indonesia to the left by providing support and protection to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) at the expense of the military and Islamists. He also embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under the rubric of anti-imperialism, with aid from the Soviet Union and China. The 30 September Movement (1965) led to the destruction of the PKI and his replacement in 1967 by one of his generals, Suharto (see Transition to the New Order), and he remained under house arrest until his death.


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