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Sodium valproate

Valproate
Valproic acid.svg
Valproic acid 3d structure.png
Clinical data
Trade names Convulex, Depakote, Epilim, Stavzor, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a682412
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
  • US: X (Contraindicated) - for control of conditions other than severe epilepsy not amenable to other drugs
Routes of
administration
By mouth, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Rapid absorption
Protein binding 80–90%
Metabolism Hepaticglucuronide conjugation 30–50%, mitochondrial β-oxidation over 40%
Biological half-life 9–16 hours
Excretion Urine (30-50%)
Identifiers
Synonyms 2-Propylvaleric acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.525
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H16O2
Molar mass 144.211 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
  
Sodium valproate
Sodium-valproate-2D-skeletal.png
Valproato Sódico.png
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.525
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H15NaO2
Molar mass 166.20 g·mol−1
3D model (Jmol)
  

Valproate (VPA), and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and divalproex sodium forms, are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches. It is useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. It can be given intravenously or by mouth. Long and short acting formulations exist.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, and a dry mouth. Serious side effects can include liver problems and regular monitoring of liver function tests is therefore recommended. Other serious risks include pancreatitis and an increased suicide risk. It is known to cause serious abnormalities in the baby if taken during pregnancy. Because of this it is not typically recommended in women of childbearing age who have migraines. It is unclear how valproate works.

Valproate was first made in 1881 and came into medical use in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.14 and 0.52 USD per day. In the United States it costs about 0.90 USD per day. It is marketed under the brand name Depakote among others.

Valproic acid (VPA) is an organic weak acid. The conjugate base is valproate. The sodium salt of the acid is sodium valproate and a coordination complex of the two is known as divalproex sodium.


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Wikipedia

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