Sodium phosphide
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| Names | |
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| Other names
sodium phosphide, common
trisodiophosphine |
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.834 |
| EC Number | 235-031-0 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| Na3P | |
| Molar mass | 99.943 g/mol |
| Appearance | red crystals |
| Density | 1.74 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 650 °C (1,202 °F; 923 K) |
| hydrolysis | |
| Solubility | insoluble in liquid CO2 |
| Structure | |
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hexagonal a = 4.9512 Å c = 8.7874 Å |
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| around P 5 near neighbours, trigonal bipyramid | |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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sodium chloride sodium nitride |
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Other cations
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aluminium phosphide lithium phosphide potassium phosphide |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Sodium phosphide is the inorganic compound with the formula Na3P. It is a black solid. It is often described as Na+ salt of the P3− anion. Na3P is a source of the highly reactive phosphide anion. It should not be confused with sodium phosphate, Na3PO4.
In addition to Na3P, five other binary compositions of sodium and phosphorus are known: NaP, Na3P7, Na3P11, NaP7, and NaP15.
The compound crystallizes in a hexagonal motif, often called the sodium arsenide structure. Like K3P, solid Na3P features pentacoordinate P centers.
The first preparation of Na3P was first reported in the mid-19th century. French researcher, Alexandre Baudrimont prepared sodium phosphide by treating molten sodium with phosphorus pentachloride.
Many different routes to Na3P have been described. Due to its flammability and toxicity, Na3P (and related salts) is often prepared and used in situ. White phosphorus is reduced by sodium-potassium alloy:
Phosphorus reacts with sodium in an autoclave at 150 °C for 5 hours to produce Na3P.
Alternatively the reaction can be conducted at normal pressures but using a temperatures gradient to generate nonvolatile NaxP phases (x < 3) that then react further with sodium. In some cases, an electron-transfer agent, such as naphthalene, is used. In such applications, the naphthalene forms the soluble sodium naphthalenide, which reduces the phosphorus.
Sodium phosphide is a source of the highly reactive phosphide anion. The material is insoluble in all solvents but reacts as a slurry with acids and related electrophiles to give derivatives of the type PM3:
The trimethylsilyl derivative is volatile (b.p. 30-35 C @ 0.001 mm Hg) and soluble. It serves as a soluble equivalent to "P3−".
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