Snakehead rhabdovirus
| Snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((−)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Rhabdoviridae |
| Genus: | Novirhabdovirus |
| Species: | Snakehead novirhabdovirus |
Snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) is a novirhabdovirus that affects warm water wild and pond-cultured fish of various species in Southeast Asia, including snakehead for which it is named.
Investigations were conducted in the 1970s and 1980s to search for infectious agents that cause or contribute to a severe ulcerative disease, known as epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), which causes high mortalities among a variety of fish species in Asia and the Pacific region. SNRV was isolated by virologist W. Wattanavijarn from a snakehead murrel, Channa striata (formerly Ophicepahalus striatus), a species of snakehead fish, which exhibited signs of epizootic ulcerative syndrome following an outbreak of this syndrome in Thailand. The new viral isolate was identified as a rhabdovirus based on images and measurements taken via transmission electron microscopy and biochemical test results.Plaque neutralization tests and immunofluorescence tests demonstrated that the new isolate was serologically unrelated to several other fish rhabdoviruses, including anquilla rhabdovirus (EVX), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Subsequent infection studies exposing healthy snakehead murrels from a susceptible population to SHNV did not develop clinical signs associated with EUS, suggesting that SHRV does not play a significant role in EUS.
It is classified as a novirhabdovirus because it possesses a nonvirion gene (NV), which is the distinguishing feature of this genus. The NV gene is situated between the glycoprotein (G) and the polymerase (L) genes, and contains a single open reading frame (ORF), which is 335 nucleotides in length. It is called the "nonvirion" gene because no corresponding protein is present in the virion. Although the NV genes of novirhabdoviruses are similar in size, including approximately 110-122 codons, little sequence homology is evident.
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