Smolensk War

Smolensk War
Smolensk Voivodeship, showing in red the disputed territory.
Date Autumn 1632 – Spring 1634 Location Smolensk Voivodeship, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Result Polish victory: status quo ante bellum Treaty of Polyanovka
Belligerents
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia
Commanders and leaders
King Władysław IV Vasa Krzysztof Radziwiłł Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski Marcin Kazanowski Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński	Mikhail Borisovich Shein
Strength
30.000-35.000 3,120 hussars 260 Cossack cavalry 1,700 western cavalry 10,500 western infantry 1,040 dragoons 2,200 Polish infantry few thousand of Zaporozhian infantry	23,961
Casualties and losses
unknown	unknown

Polish victory: status quo ante bellum

The Smolensk War (1632–1634) was a conflict fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia.

Hostilities began in October 1632 when Russian forces tried to capture the city of Smolensk. Small military engagements produced mixed results for both sides, but the surrender of the main Russian force in February 1634 led to the Treaty of Polyanovka. Russia accepted Polish-Lithuanian control over the Smolensk region, which lasted for another 20 years.

In 1632, Sigismund III Vasa, the king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, died. Although the Commonwealth nobility quickly elected Sigismund's son Władysław IV Vasa as their new ruler, Poland's neighbours, expecting delays in the electoral process, tested the Commonwealth's perceived weakness.Swedish king Gustav II Adolph sent envoys to Russia and the Ottoman Empire to propose an alliance and war against the Commonwealth.

The Commonwealth was not ready for war. In 1631, the royal army numbered barely 3,000 men; the Smolensk garrison was about 500 strong, and most garrisons in the border area were composed not of regular or mercenary soldiers but of 100 to 200 local volunteers. Aware that Russia was preparing for war, in the spring of 1632 the Sejm (Polish-Lithuanian parliament) increased the army by recruiting an additional 4,500 men; by mid-1632 the deputy voivode (podwojewoda) of Smolensk, Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński, had about 500 volunteers from pospolite ruszenie and 2,500 regular army soldiers and Cossacks. In May the Senate of Poland agreed to increase the size of the army, but Grand Lithuanian Hetman Lew Sapieha objected, arguing that the current forces were enough and that war was not likely. Nonetheless the Field Lithuanian Hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł recruited an additional 2,000 soldiers.

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