Smethwick Engine
| Smethwick Engine | |
|---|---|
The engine in steam at Birmingham's Thinktank museum
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| Origins | |
| Type | Watt beam engine |
| Designer | James Watt |
| Maker | Boulton and Watt |
| Date | May 1779 |
| Country of origin | England |
| Former operator | Birmingham Canal Navigations |
| Purpose | Pumping water |
| Measurements | |
| Cylinders | 1 |
| Bore | 32 inches (81 cm) |
| Stroke | 8 feet (2.4 m) |
| Preservation | |
| Collection | Birmingham Museums Trust |
| Location | Thinktank |
| Working | Yes |
The Smethwick Engine is a Watt steam engine made by Boulton and Watt, which was installed near Birmingham, England, and was brought into service in May 1779. Now at Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, it is the oldest working steam engine and the oldest working engine in the world.
Originally, it was one of two steam engines used to pump water back up to the 491 foot (150 m) summit level of the BCN Old Main Line (Birmingham Canal) canal at Smethwick, not far from the Soho Foundry where it was made. The other engine, also built by Boulton and Watt, was at the other end of the summit level at Spon Lane. In 1804 a second Boulton and Watt engine was added alongside the 1779 engine.
The engines were needed because local water sources were insufficient to supply water to operate the six locks either side of the canal's original summit. The locks could have been avoided if a tunnel had been built, but the ground was too unstable for James Brindley to build a tunnel using the techniques available at the time. In the 1780s, a cutting was constructed by John Smeaton, enabling three of the six locks on each side to be removed.
In the 1820s, Thomas Telford constructed a new canal parallel to the old in a deeper cutting, at the 453 ft Birmingham Level, creating the largest man-made earthworks in the world at the time. It was spanned by the Galton Bridge. The engine was still needed, despite both these developments, and Thomas Telford constructed the Engine Arm Aqueduct carrying the Engine Arm branch canal over his New Main Line so that coal could still be transported along the arm to feed the Smethwick Engine.
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Wikipedia