Sir John Anstruther, 2nd Baronet (27 December 1718 – 4 July 1799) was a Scottish politician.
He served as Member of Parliament for Anstruther Burghs from 1766–1774, 1780–1783 and 1790–1793.
He succeeded his father as a baronet in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 27 September 1753. He married Janet Fall, Queen of the Gypsies, second daughter of James Fall, on 4 October 1750.