Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)

Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
Soviet soldiers with captured Kuomintang banners.
Date July 22 – September 9, 1929 Location Inner Manchuria Result Provisions of 1924 agreement were upheld.
Belligerents
Republic of China Northeastern Army	Soviet Union Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army
Commanders and leaders
Zhang Xueliang	Vasily Blyukher
Strength
100,000	40,000
Casualties and losses
7 ships lost 2,000 killed 1,000 wounded more than 8,550 prisoners	187 killed 665 wounded

Republic of China

 Soviet Union

The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (Chinese: 中东路事件, Russian: Конфликт на Китайско-Восточной железной дороге) was a minor armed conflict between the Soviet Union and Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as CER).

When the Chinese seized the Chinese Eastern Railway in 1929, swift Soviet military intervention quickly put an end to the crisis and forced the Chinese to accept restoration of joint Soviet-Chinese administration of the railway.

In order to understand why the Chinese forced a hostile takeover, one must look at the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1924. On July 25, 1919 the Soviet government’s Assistant Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Lev Karakhan, had issued a manifesto to the Chinese government promising them, among other things, to return the CER to Chinese control free of charge. On August 26, 1919, the Karakhan Manifesto was published by the Soviet press, but the document did not contain anything about returning the CER to China without compensation. The Soviets had laid the foundation to double-cross the Chinese. The Soviets would later use of the August 26th version of the Manifesto to argue with the Chinese government that they did not have to pay compensation for the CER.

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Wikipedia