Singanhoe
| Singanhoe | |
| Hangul | 신간회 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Singanhoe |
| McCune–Reischauer | Singanhoe |
The Singanhoe was a Korean nationalist organization under Japanese colonial rule, founded on February 15, 1927, that unified Korean socialist and nationalist factions and maintained a unilateral independence movement until May 1931. Including both Korean and overseas branches, this organization was able to attract a total membership of between 30,000 – 40,000 people. While internal strife between leftist and rightist factions was a consistent obstacle, the Singanhoe actively pursued several goals:
After the March 1st Movement, as the political awareness of the masses was greatly raised, the Korean nationalist movement of the 1920s developed rapidly and spread throughout Korea and beyond. This nationalistic consciousness was manifest in Manchuria through the armed struggle for independence, in areas under Chinese jurisdiction through the diplomatic efforts of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and within Korea through the efforts of the labor, farmer, and youth movements. In response, Imperial Japan used the deceptively labeled Cultural Rule developmental policy in an attempt to weaken and fragment the strength of this nationalist movement.
In particular, during this period, Imperial Japan shifted attention from the widely propagated Practical Skills Development Movement to the Autonomy Movement. Yi Kwangsu’s “The Administration of a Nation” outlined the general precepts of the Autonomy Movement (known in English scholarship as the Cultural Nationalist movement), which stressed the development of Korean infrastructure from within Japanese colonial rule, rather than pushing for immediate independence. Immediately after the Cultural Nationalist Movement was proposed, writers from the Choson ilbo, including Yi Sangchae, An Chaehong, and Chǒndoist scholar Kwǒn Tongjin championed an uncompromising united nationalist front while harshly criticizing the Cultural Nationalist Movement. On the other hand, others like Hǒ Hǒn and Hong Myǒnghui from the newly popularized socialist camps searched for a means of cooperation.
From the mid-1920s, there was a rising sentiment within the socialist camp regarding the need for a comprehensive umbrella organization. Even within the nascent socialist camp, which spread rapidly after the events of the March 1st Movement, activists began to recognize the necessity of a cooperative front with the nationalist camp. They drew much inspiration from the successful cooperation in China of the Communists and the Nationalists (Guomindang) in forming a united movement against imperialism and towards national independence.
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