Simeon the Just

Simeon the Righteous or Simeon the Just (Hebrew: שמעון הצדיק‎‎ Shimon HaTzaddik) was a Jewish High Priest during the time of the Second Temple. He is also referred to in the Mishnah, where he is described as one of the last members of the Great Assembly (Avot 1:1). Some of his views are also recorded in the Mishnah, making him a Tanna in Rabbinic terminology.

Simeon the Righteous is either Simon I (310–291 or 300–273 BCE), son of Onias I, and grandson of Jaddua, or Simon II (219–199 BCE), son of Onias II. Many statements concerning him are variously ascribed by scholars, ancient and modern, to four different persons who bore the same surname; e.g., to Simeon I by Fränkel and Grätz; to Simeon II by Krochmal in the 18th century, Brüll in the 19th, and Moore and Zeitlin in the 20th; to Simon Maccabeus by Löw; and to Simeon the son of Gamaliel by Weiss. The scholarly consensus of the late 20th century has fallen on Simon II.

The Talmud, Josephus (who identifies him as Simon I), Sirach and the Second Book of Maccabees all contain accounts of him. He was termed "the Righteous" because of the piety of his life and his benevolence toward his compatriots (Josephus, Antiquities, 12:2, § 5). He was deeply interested in the spiritual and material development of the nation. According to Sirach 50. 1-14, he rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem, which had been torn down by Ptolemy Soter, and repaired the damage done to the Temple in Jerusalem, raising the foundation-walls of its court and enlarging the cistern into a pool.

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