The Sigma baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have a +2, +1 or −1 elementary charge or are neutral. They are baryons containing three quarks: two up and/or down quarks, and one third quark, which can be either a strange (symbols
Σ+
,
Σ0
,
Σ−
), a charm (symbols
Σ++
c,
Σ+
c,
Σ0
c), a bottom (symbols
Σ+
b,
Σ0
b,
Σ−
b) or a top (symbols
Σ++
t,
Σ+
t,
Σ0
t) quark. However, the top Sigmas are not expected to be observed as the Standard Model predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly ×10−25 s. This is about 20 times shorter than the timescale for strong interactions, and therefore it does not 5form hadrons.