Siege of Buda (1684)

First Siege of Buda, 1684
Part of Great Turkish War
Drawing of the Siege of Buda in 1684
Date 16 June–30 October 1684 Location Buda, Ottoman Hungary Result Ottoman victory the siege lasted 108 days
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire	Holy League
Commanders and leaders
Grand Vizier Kara Ibrahim Pasha Abdi Pasha the Albanian	Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg
Strength
7,000 inside Buda 17,000 relief forces	40,000—43,000 troops
Casualties and losses
Unknown	24,000—30,000

In the spring of 1684 an army of about 80,000 men marched under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine to capture the city of Buda from the Turks. After the main army crossed the Danube at Esztergom on 13 June, the front of the imperial army under the command of Maximilian Lorenz Starhemberg and the cavalry Gen. Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden arrived at the castle town of Visegrád on 15 June. On 16 June the town of Esztergom was taken by storm by imperial troops in spite of its strong walls, after a gate was destroyed by cannons. The majority of the Turkish occupation troops were killed and the city was plundered. Only a few Turks managed to withdraw to the castle on the rock above the city. After a siege of 1-1/2 days, the remaining Turkish garrison capitulated on 18 June.

On 27 June the imperial army met a strong Turkish force of 17,000 men at Vác under the command of Grand Vizier Kara İbrahim Pasha, who would eventually drive out the Habsburgs. Although the Turks had entrenched themselves in a favorable position, Karl V opened the fight with cannon fire. The center of the imperial troops was led by Maximilian Lorenz von Starhemberg, and after a rather short fight he knew that the Turkish troops were defeated. Vác fell to the imperial army the same day.

On 30 June the imperial main army entered the city of Pest, to which the Turks had set fire shortly before. After the army crossed the Danube at Vác, it began the siege of Buda, which was defended by approximately 7,000 Turks. The imperial army, consisting of 43,000 men, began the bombardment of Buda's fortress with 200 cannons on 14 July 1684, the anniversary of the beginning of the siege of Vienna. Field Marshal Graf Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg was assigned to conduct the siege.

On 19 July imperial forces took control of the lower part of the town of Buda. However, since too few troops were available to occupy it, Ernst Rüdiger ordered the houses in that part of the town burned down. Throughout July and August the imperial army made several attempts to attack the fortress, but all were repelled by the Turkish defenders.

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