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Siege of Acre (1189–91)

Siege of Acre
Part of the Third Crusade
Siege of Acre.jpg
Date August 1189 – July 1191
Location Acre, Palestine
Result Crusader Victory
Belligerents

England COA.svg Kingdom of England
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg Kingdom of Jerusalem

Armoiries Saint-Empire monocéphale.svg Holy Roman Empire
Rubenid Flag.svg Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Ayyubids
Commanders and leaders
England COA.svg King Richard the Lionheart
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg King Philip Augustus
Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg Guy of Lusignan
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Gerard de Ridefort 
Cross of the Knights Templar.svg Robert de Sablé
Hohenstaufen family arms.svg Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia 
Rubenid Flag.svg Leo II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia
Austria Leopold V, Duke of Austria
Přemyslovci erb.svg Děpolt II 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Saladin
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Emir Mojili 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Aibek al-Akhresh 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Ibn al-Bessarau 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Imad ed-Din Sinjari
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Hossam ad-Din Lulu
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Gökböri
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Moezz ad-Din
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Al-Adil I
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Asad ad-Din
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Beha ad-Din Karakush
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Abu al-Heija
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Ibn Barik 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Saif ad-Din Meshtub 
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Shirkuh ibn Bakhel the Kurd
Strength

Initially: 3,000 men

Later:~25,000 men
11 trebuchets

unknown

  • Garrison: 6,000
  • Relief force: 20,000+
Casualties and losses
2,500

Garrison: 6,000 killed or captured

Relief force: heavy

England COA.svg Kingdom of England
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg Kingdom of France
Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg Kingdom of Jerusalem

Initially: 3,000 men

unknown

Garrison: 6,000 killed or captured

The Siege of Acre was one of the first confrontations of the Third Crusade, lasting from August 28, 1189 until July 12, 1191, and the first time in history that the King of Jerusalem was compelled to personally see to the defence of the Holy Land. It was also the deadliest event of the whole period of the Crusades for the Christian ruling class of the east. Nevertheless, it was a key victory for the Crusaders and a serious defeat for Saladin, who had hoped to destroy the whole of the Crusader kingdom.

After Saladin had decisively defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin on July 4, 1187, he was able to conquer a great part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem with little opposition, among them the cities of Acre and (on October 2) Jerusalem itself. The Crusaders afterwards controlled only Tyre, Tripoli, and Antioch, which Saladin likewise attacked in 1188, although unsuccessfully. News of the loss of Jerusalem and Palestine was shocking to Europe, and there was soon demand for a new Crusade, called by Pope Gregory VIII in October 1187 and continued by his successor Pope Clement III.


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