Sensilia

Campaniform sensilla are a class of mechanoreceptors found in insects, which respond to stress and strain within the animal's cuticle. Each campaniform sensillum consists of a flexible dome, which is surrounded by a socket within the cuticle. The dendrites of a single sensory neuron innervate each sensillum. Deformation of the dome opens mechanotransduction channels in the sensory neuron, which leads to the firing of action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system.

Campaniform sensilla are distributed across the body surface of many insects. For example, a blowfly possesses more than 1200 campaniform sensilla, which are heavily concentrated at joints in the cuticle, including on the legs, antennae, and wings. The highest density of campaniform sensilla on the fly is found at the base of the modified hind-wings, or halteres, which function as gyroscopic sensors of self-motion during flight.

The activity of campaniform sensilla were first recorded by John William Sutton Pringle, who also determined that the elliptical shape of many campaniform sensilla make them directionally selective.

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