Semail Ophiolite
The Semail Ophiolite of the Hajar Mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates is a large slab of oceanic crust that is made of volcanic rocks and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's upper mantle that was overthrust onto continental crust as an ophiolite. It is located on the eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula and covers an area of approximately 100,000 km2. Based on uranium-lead dating techniques, the Semail Ophiolite formed in the Late Cretaceous. It is primarily made of silicate rocks with (SiO2) content ranging from 45–77 wt%. The Semail Ophiolite is important because it is rich in copper and chromite ore bodies also provides valuable information about the ocean floor and the upper mantle on land. Geologists have studied the area attempting to find the best model explaining the formation of the Semail Ophiolite.
The Arabian continental margin formed in early Paleozoic and possibly late Proterozoic. After that the thrust sheets are from low to high structurally: The units and the allochthonous units. The allochthonous unite from low to high structurally: The Sumeini group, the Hawasina complex, the Haybi complex, the Ophiolite, and the Batinah complex. From the Sumeini group to the Haybi Complex make up the continental slope with an age range from Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous. The ophiolite formed in the Late Cretaceous and consists of a basal metamorphic sole (150–200 m), peridotite tectonic (8–12 km), igneous peridotite and gabbro (0.5–6.5 km), sheeted dikes (1–1.5 km), lavas (0.5–2.0 km). The Batinah complex containing continental margin sediments came from beneath the ophiolite during late-stage extensional faulting and then slid into the ophiolite late in the emplacement history.
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