Scopolamine

Hyoscine
Clinical data


Trade names	Transdermscop, Kwells, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	AU: B2 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	by mouth, skin patch, eye drops, subcutaneous, intravenous, sublingual, rectal, buccal transmucousal, intramuscular
ATC code	A04AD01 (WHO) N05CM05 (WHO), S01FA02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S2 (Pharmacy only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Liver
Biological half-life	4.5 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
IUPAC name (–)-(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1R,2R,4S,7S,9S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^2,4]non-7-yl ester
Synonyms	hyoscine hydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide
CAS Number	51-34-3^Y
PubChem (CID)	5184
IUPHAR/BPS	330
DrugBank	DB00747^Y
ChemSpider	10194106^Y
UNII	DL48G20X8X^Y
KEGG	D00138^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:16794^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201024^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.083
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₇H₂₁NO₄
Molar mass	303.353 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES OC[C@H](c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3N(C)[C@@H](C2)[C@@H]4O[C@H]34
InChI InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1^Y Key:STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?)

Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva. When used by injection effects begin after about 20 minutes and last for up to 8 hours. It may also be used by mouth and as a skin patch.

Common side effects include sleepiness, blurred vision, dilated pupils, and dry mouth. It is not recommended in people with glaucoma or bowel obstruction. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe; however, it appears to be safe during breastfeeding. Hyoscine is in the antimuscarinic family of medications and works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system.

Hyoscine was first written about in 1881 and came into medical use in 1947. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Hyoscine is produced from plants of the nightshade family. The name "scopolamine" is derived from one type of nightshade known as Scopolia while "hyoscine" is from another type known as Hyoscyamus niger.

Hyoscine has a number of uses in medicine, where it is used to treat the following:

It is sometimes used as a premedication (especially to reduce respiratory tract secretions) to surgery, mostly commonly by injection.

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Wikipedia