Scleromyositis

Scleromyositis or the PM/Scl overlap syndrome is a complex autoimmune disease (a disease in which the immune system attacks the body). Patients with scleromyositis have symptoms of both systemic scleroderma and either polymyositis or dermatomyositis, and is therefore considered an overlap syndrome. Although it is a rare disease, it is one of the more common overlap syndromes seen in scleroderma patients, together with MCTD and Antisynthetase syndrome. Autoantibodies often found in these patients are the anti-PM/Scl (anti-exosome) antibodies.

The symptoms that are seen most often are typical symptoms of the individual autoimmune diseases and include Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, myositis and scleroderma. Treatment of these patients is therefore strongly dependent on the exact symptoms with which a patient reports to a physician and is similar to treatment for the individual autoimmune disease, often involving either immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs.

Symptoms vary but they mostly involve skin disorders. The signs to look for include Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, myositis and scleroderma. Visual symptoms include discoloring of the skin and painful swelling.

Scleroderma overlap syndrome: Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that causes fibrosis and vascular abnormalities, but that also has an autoimmune component. It is described by connective tissues complications. Blood testing includes screening for the positive antinuclear antibody. Patients have symptoms of both systemic scleroderma and/or polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

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